Co-infection with malaria and typhoid fever is a common presentation in many endemic regions of the world including Nigeria. Affected persons are often treated by co-administration of suitable antibacterial and anti-malarial agents. The present study investigated the effect of simultaneous administration of pefloxacin (a second generation quinolone antibiotic) and artequin ® (an artemisinin combination anti-malarial drug) on some indices of renal and liver functions in rats. Twenty male albino

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... ats were randomly assigned into four groups A, B, C and D. Animals in Group A served as control. Group B and C were treated with therapeutic doses of pefloxacin (6. 67 mg per kg bw twice daily) and artequin ® (5 mg of mefloquin and 4 mg of artesunate per kg bw) respectively. Group D received the two drugs simultaneously. The results show that drug administration induced significant increase (p < 0.05) in the serum activity of ALT, AST and ALP. Serum creatinine and urea also increased significantly (p< 0.05) compared to control. There was no significant increase in the level of Na + in serum (p> 0.05) whereas K +, Cl-and HCO 3 increased significantly (p< 0.05). Histological assessment of the liver revealed areas of cellular degeneration, vascular congestion and pyknotic nuclei. The kidney showed areas of inflammation, cellular distortion and pyknotic nuclei. Generally, the observed changes in the biochemical indices of liver and kidney functions as well as histopathology are manifestations of moderate hepatotoxicity and nephropathy precipitated by drug administration.