The production of citrus fruit in Spain generates more than 0.5 million tons of waste. This is mainly due to rejects when packing fresh fruit and the waste generated by processing industries. That is the reason why an important challenge for the citrus sector is the use of this waste to unlock its economic value and eliminate the environmental problems that it may generate. The Instituto de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo (IuIAD) at the Universitat Politècnica de Valencia (UPV) has

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... veloped a system for transforming citrus waste into bioethanol and high value-added products such as essential oils. The purpose of this study was to find the most appropriate sites to implement a bioethanol industry from citrus waste. A spreadsheet was developed from the industrial design for transforming citrus waste into bioethanol. This spreadsheet allowed us to calculate the bioethanol mass flow from a known oranges, tangerines, lemons and limes and grapefruits flow waste. Total waste of the main citrus producers was estimated as the sum of the rejects when packing fresh fruits and the wastes generated by processing industries. Total waste value (oranges, tangerines, lemons and limes and grapefruits) was multiplied by the ratio between mass flow and citrus waste flow in order to calculate the bioethanol production in each country. The results suggest that Brazil, USA, Mexico, China, India and Italy would be the most appropriate countries to implement a bioethanol industry from citrus waste.