This study investigates the geometric impacts on the gap distributions of human-driven vehicles (HDVs) to consider the locations of exits for dedicated connected-and-automated vehicle (CAV) lanes, where CAVs must merge into HDVs. The gap distributions were modelled by the combined gamma distributions for different locations and traffic conditions using Hanshin and Chuo Expressway data. Based on the estimated model, the required extra time for merging CAV was hypothetically computed by assuming

more »

... he random arrival of HDVs in the normal lane at different locations. The results indicate that the waiting time tends to increase in a long-stretch uphill, suggesting that such locations should be avoided when locating an exit.