Background: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been accepted as a standard treatment for early gastric cardiac cancer (EGCC). Here, we investigate the clinical outcomes of the EGCC patients who underwent ESD in different indications. Methods: From January 2011 to October 2019, we enrolled 502 EGCC lesions from 495 patients which were resected by ESD at our center. We retrospectively analyzed the short-term and long-term clinical outcomes among different indication groups. Results: The

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... mber of the patients in the absolute indication (AI), expanded indication (EI) and beyond the expanded indication (BEI) groups was 265, 137 and 93, respectively. The en bloc resection rate was 100%, 100% and 98.9% ( P =0.185). The complete resection rate was 99.3%, 98.5% and 74.5%, respectively ( P <0.001). During a median follow-up of 48.1 months, the lymph node metastasis rate was 0%, 0% and 2.3% ( P <0.001). The distant metastasis rate was 0.4%, 0% and 2.3% ( P =0.150). The five-year disease-specific survival rate in the BEI group was 96.6% ( P =0.016), compared to 99.6% in the AI group and 100% in the EI group. Conclusion: The efficacy for ESD patients in EI group was almost equal to the AI group. Patients in the BEI group showed generally favorable clinical outcomes and needed to be carefully checked after ESD. ESD may be an optional treatment for patients unsuitable for gastrectomy.