The study shows the meaning of the testimony، the justice، the charge، and the condition of the conditional justice at the Hanafis، and explained that justice is a condition in performance، not in tolerance. Evidence of the legality of justice، the homelands of justice at the Hanafis، and the charges against the testimony of a fair witness are mentioned. As well as applications for justice and charges in the Jordanian Shari'a law. The study found several results، the most important of which are

more »

... that the Hanafis stressed the requirement of justice in the witness، and that the law of legal proceedings took the opinion of the Hanafi in many decisions of the Sharia Court of Appeal، with regard to the requirement of justice in the witness. ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ -‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ‬ ٢٢٢٠ ‫ﻣﻘـﺪﻣــــﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ،‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮوط‬ ‫ﻋﺪة‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﻬﺎء‬ ‫اﺷﱰط‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوط:‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻪ،‬ ‫ُﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺘ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوط‬ ‫أﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻌﺪ‬ ُ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺮط‬ ‫و‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻄﻖ،‬ ‫و‬ ‫واﻹﺑﺼﺎر،‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻠﻮغ،‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻞ،‬ ‫أﻣﺮه،‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻮك‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪل‬ ‫ﻓﻐﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ،‬ ‫ﺻﺪق‬ ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ،‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻓﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ً ‫دﻟﻴﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ُﺮﻃﺖ‬ ‫اﺷﺘ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ،‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﻳﺜﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻨﺔ‬ ّ ‫ﺒﻴ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﺳﻘﻴﻦ،‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎء‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺪّ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪل‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻤﻪ.‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻪ.‬ ‫ﺮد‬ ُ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻟﺬا‬ ‫رﺳﻮﻟﻪ،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ،‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻻﻓﱰاﺋﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪاﻟﺘﻪ،‬ ‫ﺗﺴﻘﻂ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻬﻤﺔ،‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺮد‬ ُ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻴﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،ً ‫ﻋﺪﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻄﻤﺌﻦ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫إﻧﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺬب،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪق،‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﳖﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ،‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ّ ‫ﻳﱰﺟ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﻬﻤﺔ،‬ ُ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎك‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪق،‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺢ‬ ّ ‫ﺗﺮﺟ‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻖ.‬ ‫إﺣﻘﺎق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﺻ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة،‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺪق‬ ‫ﺴﻘﻄﺎ‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮوا‬ ‫أﳖﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ﻟﺸﺮط‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ّ ‫ﻳﺪل‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻌﺪاﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ﻛﺜﻴﺮة‬ ‫ت‬ ّ ‫ﺮد‬ ُ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻬﻢ‬ ُ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻋﺪة‬ ‫ذﻛﺮوا‬ ‫أﳖﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدﺗﻪ،‬ ‫ﻘﺒﻞ‬ ُ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ﻋﺪل،‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﻘﻄﺎت‬ ُ ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬ ‫أﻣﻮاﻟﻬﻢ،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮق‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬ ‫أﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،ً ‫ﻋﺪﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﻮ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة‬ ‫ﲠﺎ‬ ‫ﲠﺎ.‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎس‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺒﺚ،‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻋﺮاﺿﻬﻢ‬ ‫و‬ ‫دﻣﺎﺋﻬﻢ،‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ُ ‫ﺗﻜﻤ‬ ‫اﻵﺗﻴﺔ:‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ١ -‫اﻟﺘﻬﻤﺔ؟‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺎدة،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ،‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺼﻮد‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ٢ -‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة؟‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻜﺘﻔﻰ‬ ُ ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻞ؟‬ ّ ‫اﻟﺘﺤﻤ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻷداء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮط‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻞ‬ ٣ -‫اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ؟‬ ‫اﺷﱰاط‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ٤ -‫اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ؟‬ ‫ﺴﻘﻄﺎت‬ ُ ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬ ٢٢٢١ ٤ -‫اﻟﻐﺎﻣﻀﺔ.‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ‬ ٥ -‫ﻣﺼﺪره.‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻘﻮل‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬ ‫ﻋﺰو‬ ٦ -‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﺔ،‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﻟﻒ،‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻬﺮة‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫وﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻫﺠﺎﺋﻴ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺪ.‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ -‫أﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬ -‫ﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ،‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺎوﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ:‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺤﺚ،‬ ‫ﺑﻤﻮﺿﻮع‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫دراﺳﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻨﻮان:‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ " ‫اﻟﻌﺪل‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺎدة‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫أﺛﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻬﻤﺔ‬ " ‫اﻟﺴﻮﺳﻲ،‬ ‫أﺣﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻟـﻤﺎﻫﺮ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺒﻲ،‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺼﻤﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ،‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﻜﻤﺎل‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻘﺺ،‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻔﻮات‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ ‫اﷲ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻀﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﺬا‬ ‫وﻓﻘﺖ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻧﻘﺺ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺎك‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﻪ،‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻔﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻤﻨﻲ،‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺼﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻮرة‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺬه‬ ‫ﺧﺮﺟﺖ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫إﻋﺪادﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ً ‫ﻛﺒﻴﺮا‬ ً ‫ﺟﻬﺪا‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﺖ‬ ‫أﻧﻨﻲ‬ . ‫ﻳﺠﺪ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫آﻣﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪراﺳﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺼﻮن‬ ‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ً ‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪا‬ ‫ﻴﺌ‬ . ‫ﻧﺎﻓﻌ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺎﻛﻤﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻨﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ‬ ٢٢٢٣ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺤﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﮭﺎدة‬ ، ‫ﻣﺸﺮوﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫وأدﻟﺔ‬ ، ً ‫واﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻟﻐﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎھﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺪاﻟﺔ‬ : ‫ﻣﻄﻠﺒﺎن‬ ‫وﻓﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ،‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﻁ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ،‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺮﻭﻃﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬