More than twenty years have passed since laser-based techniques were first applied to internal combustion engines. In recent years, many kinds of laser-based techniques have been developed and used for the qualitative or quantitative analysis of the mixture formation process, ignition, onset of chemical reaction, radicals behavior, flame propagation, combustion and exhaust emissions, including soot and nitrogen oxide (NOx) in diesel and gasoline engines. The most useful and commonly applied

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... ods are laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and recently added laser induced incandescence (LII). Many papers published in recent years mention these methods. Additionally, as a result of advancement of high speed digital camera synchronized with a high-speed data acquisition system, much fresh data have been newly obtained, leading to the detailed descriptions of combustion and chemical reaction processes.