Focus and Themes This Topic Study Group aimed to improve understanding of the importance, specific nature of, and challenges associated with research on teaching and classroom practice; to promote exchanges and collaborations around the identification and examination of practices in classroom instruction across different education systems; and to enhance the quality of research and classroom practice. Developing systematic research on classroom practice in school mathematics is a relatively new

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... endeavor. In fact, this Topic Study Group was only the third time in ICME history to take a primary focus on classroom practice. The focus of TSG 26 was discussion of research related to mathematics teaching and classroom practice. Classroom practice includes the activities of teaching and learning located within the classroom. It requires examination of the interactions among the mathematical content to be taught and learned, the instructional practices of the teacher, and the work and experiences of the students within particular educational settings. In these interaction processes, mathematical content is contextualized through situations, the teacher plays an important instructional role drawing on his/her knowledge, and the students involve themselves in the learning processes. Research aims to understand the nature and extent of the interactions, the