This chapter evaluates the potential of anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) to as a technology platform for recovering of clean water, energy, and nutrient from wastewater. AnMBR has a promising potential for removing an wide array of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) of concern to water reuse, convert organic carbons in wastewater to biogas, and solubilise nutrients (e.g. ammonia and phosphorus) for subsequent recovery for fertilizer production. Research to date reveals several technical

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... llenges to the practical applications of AnMBR for wastewater treatment for resource recovery and water reuse. These challenges include the dilute nature of municipal wastewater, which entails the need for preconcentrating wastewater prior to AnMBR, and hence, issues related to salinity build-up, accumulation of substances, membrane fouling, and current limited understanding of the removal of TrOCs. Strategies to overcome these technical challenges are proposed to provide a research road map to guide future AnMBR development.