Significant advancements have been made in the technology and approach to catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Pulmonary vein isolation has emerged as the dominant strategy in this procedure and has fueled innovations in catheter design as well as various mapping and navigation systems. Mapping and targeting of complex fractionated atrial electrograms has also emerged as an additional or alternate strategy employed by some ablationists. Recently, attention is being drawn to a new

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... ach targeting atrial sites with high dominant frequencies (DF) derived from their electrograms. This article is a review of the basic concepts of DF, the relevant literature behind DF analysis in AF, and the potential clinical applicability of DF analysis for catheter ablation.