Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is associated with the severe morbidity and mortality of some Gram-negative associated chronic diseases. We designed this retrospective study to identify whether RDW can be used as a factor to provide reference for the treatment of renal abscess. All patients with renal abscess in our institution between April 2016 and November 2019 were collected, and 38 cases with the characteristic of initially diagnosis and no prior treatment were enrolled.

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... e treatment group and surgical intervention group were set based on the treatment of patients. Univariate analysis and the regression analysis were adopted to identify the difference between these two groups. Significant differences were found in Diabetes mellitus, RDW and size of renal abscess in both univariate and multifactor analysis. The median value of RDW in all patients was 13.62%, with 13.15% in conservative treatment group and 14.20% receiving surgical intervention (OR: 9.48, 95% CI: 1.15~78.02). Diabetes was present in 42.11% of patients, with the ratio of 20.0% in conservative treatment group and 66.67% in surgical intervention group (OR: 35.22, 95% CI: 1.55~799.05). The cut-off of RDW and size of renal abscess were 14.07% and 3.9 cm respectively. RDW as an independent predictor of mortality in patients with Gram-negative bacteremia showed differences among patients with renal abscess who received different treatments. Since the relationship between RDW and Gram-negative bacteremia related to mortality, higher initial RDW value may represent a higher severity of renal abscess and a greater likelihood of the need of surgical intervention.