Computational Planning in Facial Surgery

Stefan Zachow
2015 Facial Plastic Surgery  
Preoperative preparation of a treatment concept for the surgical correction of craniofacial deformities requires a comprehensive knowledge about normally developed anatomical structures (anatomical atlases). Anthropometric and cephalometric studies provide helpful insights to normal proportions of the body or face and the individual (age related), inter-individual (e.g., gender), and inter-cultural variability. 1-3 For a successful reconstruction or establishment of normal function, taking a
more » ... monious shape of the Keywords ► model-guided surgery ► computer-aided planning ► anthropometry ► digital patient models ► surgical template models ► statistical shape models Abstract This article reflects the research of the last two decades in computational planning for cranio-maxillofacial surgery. Model-guided and computer-assisted surgery planning has tremendously developed due to ever increasing computational capabilities. Simulators for education, planning, and training of surgery are often compared with flight simulators, where maneuvers are also trained to reduce a possible risk of failure. Meanwhile, digital patient models can be derived from medical image data with astonishing accuracy and thus can serve for model surgery to derive a surgical template model that represents the envisaged result. Computerized surgical planning approaches, however, are often still explorative, meaning that a surgeon tries to find a therapeutic concept based on his or her expertise using computational tools that are mimicking real procedures. Future perspectives of an improved computerized planning may be that surgical objectives will be generated algorithmically by employing mathematical modeling, simulation, and optimization techniques. Planning systems thus act as intelligent decision support systems. However, surgeons can still use the existing tools to vary the proposed approach, but they mainly focus on how to transfer objectives into reality. Such a development may result in a paradigm shift for future surgery planning.
doi:10.1055/s-0035-1564717 pmid:26579861 fatcat:e5bnq3bcenhi7ksdf5e6kyfipa