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Buyer-driven greening? Cargo-owners and environmental upgrading in maritime shipping
2016
Geoforum
In this article, we examine the relations between global value chain governance and environmental upgrading in maritime shipping. Drawing from interviews with global shipping companies and major buyers of shipping services (cargo-owners), we reveal the key issues and challenges faced in improving the environmental performance of maritime transportation. Contributing to the GVC literature, we compare and analyse the influence of three main external drivers on environmental upgrading in the
doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.11.018
fatcat:ativ2e67q5ehtmuqslx2bbzrei