& aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease in the central nervous system that is associated with degeneration of the myelin of neural system. One of the most important cytokines that are involved in the susceptibility to MS disease is beta-stimulating factor (TGF-β).The smurf2 gene plays an important role in determining the competence of the cell in response to the signaling pathway of TGF- β. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of the smurf2 gene in

more »

... this signaling pathway and its association with clinical factors in MS patients. Methods: Blood samples obtained from 50 MS patients and 50 normal. First, 2ml of peripheral blood sample were taken from all patients. Then complementary DNA synthesis (cDNA), relative gene expression was obtained using Real Time PCR method and the data were analyzed by statistical methods. Results: The present study indicated that the relative expression of Smurf2 gene was significantly decreased in MS patients compared with control group) P value= 0.03(. Conclusion: Since smurf2 is a protein involved in the signaling pathway of TGF- β, here the reduction of the expression of smurf2 on this pathway may be such that it affected the pathway initiator primary ligand causing abnormalities in the cell and ultimately may affect neuronal differentiation.