The present article reports on the use of one visualization tool, Connected Chemistry, to increase chemistry student's representational fluency, or use of accepted chemical representations and reasoning from submicroscopic perspectives. The tool was embedded in a unit on the particulate nature of matter and implemented in three high school classrooms. Analysis of learning via pre-post test measures revealed a significant increase in representational fluency among all Connected Chemistry

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... compared to students learning from more traditional lecture-andtext method; however, comparable improvements in declarative knowledge were not evident.