The current study was carried out to investigate the reproductive efficiency of cross bred (HF x zebu) dairy cows in urban and peri-urban areas of Adigrat, North Ethiopia. For this purpose, four years (2010 up to 2013) relevant retrospective data documented in Adigrat AI center were taken for the analysis. Overall mean values of number of service per conception (NSPC), conception rate to first service (CRFS) and calving rate (CR) of urban and peri-urban areas of Adigrat were 1.67± 0.04%,

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... 06% and 54.8±1.35% respectively. Production system and year had shown significant effect (p<0.05) on number of service per conception (NSPC). Lowest values (1.60±0.04%) and (1.58 ± 0.07%) were recorded in urban production system in the period of 2013 respectively. On the other hand, Year and season had shown apparent (p<0.05) effect on conception rate to first service (CRFS) and calving rate (CR). The highest values (69.0±0.68%) and (66.8±0.86%) of conception rate to first service (CRFS) were recognized in the period of 2013 and during the rainy season in order. Moreover, better value of calving rate (CR) was obtained in the year 2013 (60.2±1.40%) and during rainy season (57.3±1.77%). Positive improvement was recognized along the study periods and during rainy season too. Hence, mean value of number of service per conception and conception rate at first service of Adigrat area was found within the recommended values for profitable dairy cows. Whereas, mean value of calving rate was found below 63.4-76.9% as reported for crossbred dairy cows in different parts of the country.