The Baltic Sea — A Field Laboratory for Invasion Biology [chapter]

Erkki Leppäkoski, Sergej Olenin, Stephan Gollasch
2002 Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe. Distribution, Impacts and Management  
Since the early 1800s, about 101 NIS have been recorded in the Baltic Sea. In this brackish sea (salinity range from less than 2 to approximately 20 PSU) horizontal and vertical gradients provide the nonindigenous species of different origin an extended repertoire of hospitable conditions. Several ecological functions of the non-native animals are new (and hence unique) for the species-poor Baltic Sea ecosystem. A review of the research into invasion biology in the Baltic Sea countries reveals
more » ... timeline from first records of single new species toward more sophisticated studies in invasion biology.
doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9956-6_27 fatcat:qlwcjj5fi5hjfahwxujhh77dou