Research and reason can minimize foodborne and waterborne illnesses

Dean O. Cliver, Edward R. Atwill
1997 California Agriculture  
Undercooked hamburgers contaminated with f. Coli 0157:H7 were responsible for a major outbreak of intestinal illness in 5 western states in 1993. Ground beef is unlike most other raw meats in that microbial contaminants are distributed throughout the product by grinding. Hamburger cooked rare or medium-rare can still contain viable organisms on the inside.
doi:10.3733/ca.v051n02p8 fatcat:tpktshlnzng4xj4tjnqy554wgy