Calcium hydroxide is a multipurpose agent, and there have been an increasing number of indications for its use in endodontics. Some of its indications include inter-appointment intracanal medicaments, endodontic sealers, pulp capping agents, apexification, pulpotomy and weeping canals. The purpose of this article is to review the properties, advantages, disadvantages and various indications for the use of calcium hydroxide in endodontics.