Analysis of scenarios of transportation oil and gas which produced in the Arctic and others cold seas shows that in the near-term there will be a significant increase of tonnage of tankers for oil and gas and number of ships which should be exploited in difficult ice conditions. For the construction of ice-resistant structures (IRS) intended for production of oil and gas and transportation of these products at ice-class vessels, calculating the load from ice to board the ship and on surface of

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... upports of the platforms are the actuality and urgent tasks. These tasks have one basis in both cases: at beginning of the contact occurs fracture of edge of ice, then occurs compressing of rubble shattered of ice, then they extruding from contact area, after this next layer of ice begin to destruct. At calculating the strength of plating and elements construct of vessels, icebreakers and ice-resistant platforms the specific energy of mechanical destruction ice   is an important parameter. For the whole period of study of physical and mechanical characteristics of sea ice have been not many experimental studies various researchers to obtain numerical values of this energetic characteristic of the strength of ice by a method called Ball Drop Test. This study shows that the destruction of the ice from dynamic loading in zone of contact occurs in several cycles, and the ice destructed with a minimum numerical values of   . The author offer this energy characteristic to take as a base value for the calculation of ice load on ships and offshore structures. Keywords: Arctic shelf; ice load; fracture of ice; specific energy destruction the ice;. struction, first researchers and constructors this project were famous at that time Professor D.I. Mendeleyev, Admiral S.O. Makarov and academician-shipbuilder A.N. Krylov, who directed the first pool for testing ship models. But, despite an wide knowledge of these scientists which have developed the first technical specifications for the construction of an ice-breaker, the strength of his hull has been insufficient for laying channels in conditions of the polar ice cap, because the experience for design of ships of this class at that time virtually was absent. Of course, this fact no way diminishes the merit of these scientists, but only underscores the difficulty facing shipbuilders. Study of Specific energy of mechanical destruction of ice for calculation of ice load on ships and offshore structures With the beginning of the development in the 30-ies of last century the Northern sea route and intensive construction of the ships and the icebreaker for this purpose in the USSR received development the theoretical research of strength hull of ships and in 50-ies was formed a theoretical principles descriptions impact of ice force on the ship hull. In the year 1956 in the USSR approved the "Rules for classification and construction of sea ships". These "Rules..." based on the method of "conditionals the instruments-measuring of quality resist of ships from ice load" and they not used parameters of ice strength explicitly, were only possibilities to compare the strength of hull of different vessels, taking into account their constructions and operating experience. The next stage of development of the science of ice strength of ships in the USSR was been as realization the extensive program measurement of strain constructions of hulls real ships and icebreakers different series from ice loads. Such studies, since 1963, were conducted annually by the laboratory staff of qualities ships of the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) D.E. Kheisin, V.I. Kashtelyan, V.A. Lihomanov, Yury Popov, Alexander Fadeev, O.V. Rivlin, etc. The results of these studies have defined the numerical values of voltages that occur in a side set and cladding, as well as show the shape and size of the contact patch. In the same period, in the calculation of ice load appeared some numerical estimates of physical-mechanical properties of ice. By the mid 1960 -1970 y.y. as a result of the work of scientists and specialists of the AARI was developed fairly slender methodology Popova-Kheisina of the theoretical definition of ice loads. The basis of this theory were model non-central hitting the by ice floe to board of ship, which the most fully developed Y.M. Popov, and model the local crushing of ice edge when hitting a solid body, proposed by D.E. Kheisin [2]. According to this model, the ice pressure may not exceed the tensile strength to the local crushing (fragmentation) of the latter. In 1967 was published a monograph "Resistance vessels navigating in ice" [3], [18] V. G. Tsuprik, "Influence of angle of shear in studies of specific energy of mechanical fracture of sea ice", Problems of Development the Georesources Far Eas, vol. 3, pp. 125-135, 2013 (in Russian).