Objectives: Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms has become a critical health issue these days and has evolved to become a worldwide health threat. Carbapenem-resistant Enterbactriaceae (CRE) is one example which really is a nightmare bacteria, resistant to most, and in some cases all, antibiotics. The commonest cause is ellaboration of various types of carbapenemases amongst which the recent detection of New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase-1 (NDM-1), a superbug, further compounded the problem.

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... So the present study was undertaken to study the pattern of carbapenem resistance and role of carbapenamase (blaNDM-1) gene towards it. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross sectional study conducted in the department of Pharmacology in collaboration with Microbiology and Biochemistry, SRMS IMS, Bareilly. All clinical isolates, their sensitivity pattern and MBL detection of carbapenem resistant ESBLS were obtained from Microbiology records. blaNDM-1 gene was detected by PCR. Results: A total of 312 ESBL producers were isolated. Out of which 42 were found to be carbapenem resistant. Amongst these 19.05% (8) were found to be MBL positive and 5 (62.5%) MBL positive isolates were NDM positive. ESBL producers were sensitive to very few antibiotics and NDM producers were sensitive only to polypeptide antibiotics. Conclusion: ESBL is a great problem for gram negative organisms and now the frequency of carbapenem resistance is high which has limited antibiotics available for the treatment. Furthermore carbapenemase (blaNDM-1) gene has also shown a substantial role. This high incidence of antibacterial resistance demands development of newer antibiotics.