The pathophysiology of functional disorders of the urinary bladder is still relatively poorly understood, although the mechanisms controlling the lower urinary tract function have been quite accurately described. The rich innervation of afferent and efferent urinary tract, multi-level neural control of micturition process, the diversity of the autonomic nervous system neurotransmitters, as well as "neuronal activity" of the urotelium determines the correct filling and emptying of the bladder.

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... nctional diseases (OAB - such as overactive bladder) include sensory and/or motor dysfunction of the urinary bladder, leading to sleep disturbances, psychosomatic disorders, lower quality of life, etc. It is known that sensory afferent C fibers and vanilloid TRPV1 receptors are important in the pathogenesis of OAB. Modulation of the activity of these fibers and/or TRPV1 receptors by a number of substances (such as capsaicin, lidocaine, etc.) reduces the symptoms of OAB. Detailed knowledge of the neurophysiology of the lower urinary tract is a prerequisite for proper treatment of functional disorders of the urinary tract. The paper discusses the neurophysiologic basis, the importance of afferent C fibers and vanilloid TRPV1 receptors in lower urinary tract.