To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMSs) implanted by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for patients with biliary stricture (BBS). Methods The clinical data of 38 patients with BBS underwent ERCP and FCSEMSs placement between January 2012 and January 2016 was retrospectively recorded. The success rate of BBS, adverse events related to ERCP and stricture recurrence were analyzed. Results A total of 38 patients underwent

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... s placement with a mean time of stent indwell 8 months (3-13 months). During follow-up after the stent was removed, 1 patient after liver transplantation death was the unrelated cause. The mean follow-up time was 13 months (2-52 months) for other patients. Stricture recurrence occurred in 6 patients, including 2 cases of liver transplantation-related biliary strictures, 1 case of chronic pancreatitis-related biliary stricture. Stricture resolution occurred in 31 cases with 83.8% (31/37) success rate, including 90.0% (18/20) gallstone-related biliary stricture, 75.0% (3/4) chronic pancreatitis-related biliary stricture, 80.0%(8/10) liver transplantation-related biliary stricture, and 66.7% (2/3) post surgical-related biliary stricture. The incidence of post-ERCP complications was 21.1%(8/38), including mild pancreatitis in 5 cases, hyperamylasemia in 2 cases, cholangitis in 1 case. All patients were cured by conservative treatment. Conclusions FCSEMSs are effective and safe for BBS. Further studies are needed to assess the indwelling time of FCSEMSs, whether FCSEMSs are superior to multiple plastic stents and the different efficacy of FCSEMSs for BBS caused by different etiology. Background Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is one of the most common epidemic viruses worldwide. The serological antigen transfusion of chronic HBV infection is still an urgent problem to be solved. Previous results had shown that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has great potential in the treatment of refractory HBV. Immune clearance of HBV is age-related in both human and mice models. Therefore, we aimed to explore the relationship between the microbiota and HBV chronic tendency. Methods Adult (12 weeks old) and young (6 weeks old) C3H mice were hydrodynamically injected with 10 mg pAAV/ HBV1.2 plasmid via the tail vein. We gavaged young mice of FMT group three times with Feces from the adult mouse before the tail injection as FMT group, while young mice gavaged with the sterile water served as control (each group,