By using two ab initio numerical methods we study the effects that disorder has on the spectral gaps and on wave localization in two-dimensional photonic band gap materials. We find that there are basically two different responses depending on the lattice realization (solid dielectric cylinders in air or vise versa), the wave polarization, and the particular form under which disorder is introduced. Two different pictures for the photonic states are employed, the "nearly free" photon and the

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... ongly localized" photon. These originate from the two different mechanisms responsible for the formation of the spectral gaps, ie. multiple scattering and single scatterer resonances, and they qualitatively explain our results.