rnυ e zfy) I t is generally k nown that li t tering can not be cont rolled by merel y physical technology but b y controlling the li t tering behavior of individuals. This would seem to be the m ost impor tant factor of control. As one effective techni que for controlling li ttering behavior, a behavior m odification techni que has recentl y been discovered. This study evaluates the effectiveness of such a behavior modification techni que to induce li ttering behavior in a naturalistic settings

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... : the baseball stadium. The procedures used were as follows ; (1) an operant contingency in the form of posi tive reinforcement procedures, (2) a posi tive prompting strategy, (3) a negative prompting strategy, (4) a li tter bag onl y condi tion. The findings revealed a highl y significant effect of treatment. There were signif icant differential ef fects between the dif ferent treatment strategies.