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Electromagnetic energy dispersion in a 5D universe
2010
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Electromagnetism is analyzed in a 5D expanding universe. Compared to the usual 4D description of electrodynamics it can be viewed as adding effective charge and current densities to the universe that are static in time. These lead to effective polarization and magnetization of the vacuum, which is most significant at high redshift. Electromagnetic waves propagate but group and phase velocities are dispersive. This introduces a new energy scale to the cosmos. And as a result electromagnetic
doi:10.1063/1.3460209
fatcat:iv46dla2n5dk5nvlv7qwfi3g3u