By using some properties of driving-point functions and adopting an iterative circuit synthesis approach, the location, extent, and type of change introduced in a model winding could be identified, based on terminal measurements. In this study, a model winding was used. From knowledge of its measured shortcircuit and open-circuit natural frequencies, and pertinent winding data, an equivalent circuit was synthesized (called reference circuit). Next, changes were introduced at different locations

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... in the model winding and its natural frequencies were measured. Corresponding to every new set of measured natural frequencies, a new circuit was synthesized (with topology remaining unchanged). A comparison of these circuits with the reference circuit revealed that a mapping could be established between changes introduced in the model winding and those predicted by the synthesized circuits. Many case studies are presented by considering continuous-disc and interleaved winding representations. Reasonably good results were obtained. Thus, localization of changes, based on terminal measurements, is shown to be a possibility. So, it is believed that these findings could be of some assistance in addressing the ultimate task of locating mechanical deformations in actual transformer windings. Index Terms-Circuit synthesis, driving-point functions, opencircuit and short-circuit natural frequencies, winding deformation and localization.