The use of drugs in dentistry has as its purpose to cease pain and prevent the installation or dissemination of the infectious and inflammatory process of the patient. Objective: To evaluate the antimicrobial prescription for the most usual cases of endodontic urgency. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive case study, with a sample of 209 dentists in Vitória da Conquista city. A questionnaire was used that approached the endodontic urgency treatment and information about the use of drugs

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... in these cases. The data were tabulated and analyzed in IBM SPPP Statistics for Windows, and compared by the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results: Most of the sample has professional activity between 5 and 10 years. Of these, 49.3% answered that for cases of acute pulpitis it would indicate pulpectomy associated with intracanal medication. Pulpectomy associated with analgesics and antibiotics for cases of acute apical periodontitis would be indicated by 35.9%. In cases of treatment of acute apical abscess, 70.8% would indicate drainage and antibiotics. Still, 56% of the interviewed answered that the treatment of the root canal would be the most appropriate for teeth with periapical lesion. Conclusion: The prescribing of antimicrobials by professionals interviewed in cases of endodontic urgencies was high, occurring inclusive cases that the local treatment would be sufficient to resolve the condition.