T2DM), formerly known as non-insulin dependent DM, is the most common form of DM characterized by variable degrees of hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion. [7] DM occurs primarily due to a number of lifestyle factors and genetics. [8] The lifestyle factors include physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle, cigarette smoking, and abundant consumption of alcohol. [9] A strong correlation has been observed between T2DM and obesity with 80-95% of T2DM patients being

more »

... eight or obese. The risk of developing DM increases in proportion to body mass index. [10] In T2DM patients, obesity aggravates the metabolic abnormalities such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension [11] and increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). [12] Weight loss improves glycemic control and reduces risk factors in overweight and obese T2DM patients. [13, 14] erican Diabetes Association (ADA) used a term -medical nutrition therapy (MNT) to describe the optimal coordination of caloric intake with other modes of treatment in DM such as insulin therapy, exercise, and weight loss. The MNT for T2DM patients should focus attention to low-carbohydrate diet and increased physical activity. Increased consumption of soluble, dietary fiber DM patients are more vulnerable to various chronic complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease, gastroparesis, infections, skin changes, and hearing loss. [2] ] [6] DM is classified based on the pathogenic process into two broad categories -type 1 and type 2. Type 1 DM (T1DM) most commonly develops due to an autoimmune beta cell destruction resulting to complete or near-total insulin deficiency. Type 2 DM