Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the causes, the clinical presentation, and treatment modalities in patients with valsalva premacular hemorrhage. Methods: This case series study included 21 eyes of 21 patients referred to retina clinic of Farabi eye hospital and two private eye clinics during 2001-2006 with sudden loss of vision and clinical diagnosis of premacular hemorrhage due to valsalva retinopathy. Nd:YAG laser Hyaloidotomy was performed in 16 eyes with larger than

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... s with larger than 3 disc diameter (DD) hemorrhage in size and enough depth of hemorrhage pocket (dome-shaped) and conservative approach in 5 eyes with smaller than 3 DD in size. Main outcome measures including cause of valsalva premacular hemorrhage based on the history, success rate in performing hyaloidotomy, release of the entrapped blood into the vitreous cavity and the duration of its resorption, spontaneous resorption in observed cases, postoperative improvement in visual acuity (VA), additional intervention such as vitrectomy, and postoperative complications were recorded and analyzed.