DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF MANGROVE VEGETATION IN THE DISTURBED ECOSYSTEM OF SEGARA ANAKAN, CENTRAL JAVA
Distribusi, Dan Kemelimpahan, Vegetasi Bakaa, Di Ekosistem, Hutan Rusak, Segara Anakan, Jawa Tengah, Tjut, Sugandawaty Djohan
unpublished
The Segara Anakan mangrove from 1980 up to the present has experienced heavy siltations and mangrove-free cutting. The siltation of 4.5 million tons per year from the watershed of Citanduy River create a lot of newly formed land and shoals, which disturbed the pattern of tidal flow and tide periods. In 1997 larye areas of mangroves were converted to shrimp ponds which failed and were abandon. The purpose of this research was to study the response of mangrove vegetation to the changing of the
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... ara Anakan ecosystem, This study compared the area which experienced only heavy siltation and tree cutting with the area experienced only tree cutting. The transect methods with quadrate plots were used in collecting data. The results showed that there were 16 species of mangrove and one aquatic macrophyte. Almost all of the areas were colonized by the shrub, Acanthus ilicifulius, and liana-shrub, Derris heterophylla. Both of these species had r and k strategies, which had coverage almost t00yq and had consecutive 83583 and 23938 densities shrubs per ha. The dominant tree species werc Sonneratia alba with 485 trees per hectare and Avicennia alba with 203 trees per hectare. However, the distribution and abundance of mangrove trees were determined by the tree cuffing activities, and they were not determined by the high siltation rate and salinity. The combination between heavy siltation, mangrove hee cutting, land clearing and the climate change worsen the Segara Anakan mangrove ecosystem. Therefore, the rnangrove of Segara Anakan was a critically endangered ecosystem. Abstrak Hutan bakau Segara Anakan sejak tahun 1980 sampai sekarang mengalami siltasi yang sangat tinggi dan penebangan pohon bakau. Setiap tahunnya menerima 4,5 juta ton sedimen dari daerah tangkapan air Citanduy, dan mengakibatkan terbentuknya pulau-pulau baru dan dangkalan di lagunanya. KeadaoTt ini telah mengganggu pola arus dan pasang surut. Pada tahun 1997, hutan bakau tersebut dalam skala luas telah diubah jadi tambak udang, akan tetapi tidak berhasil dan ditinggalkan sebagai tambak rusak. Tujuan penelitian ini mempelajari respon vegetasi huton bakau terhadap perubahan ekosistem Segara Anakan, dengan membandingkan lokasi hutan baknu yang megalami silatasi berat dan penebangan pohon bakau dengan lokasi yqng hanya ditebang pohon bakaunya saja. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuadrat plot dengan bantuan garis transek. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa ada I6 jenis mangrove dan satu akuatik makrophyta. Hampir seluruh hutan bakau dikoloni oleh semak dan liana bakau, Acanthus ilicifolius, dan Detis heterophylla dengan penutup hompir 100%. Densitasnya berurutan adalah 83583 and 23938 per ha. Ke dua spesies tersebut bersifat r dan K strategi. Pohon dominan Sonneratia albs adalah 485 per ha, dan Avicennia alba with 203. Distribusi spesies pohon balwu ditentukan oleh .aktivitas penebangan pohon, bukan oleh sedimentasi dan salinitas. Kombinasi antara silatasi yang tinggi, penebangan pohon bakau, dan perubahan iklim telah memperburuk kondisi hutan bakau, sehingga hutan bakau Segara Anakan dapat dikategorikan sebagai ekosistem terancam kritis. November 2012 DJOHAN, T.S., DKK.: DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE 295 Kata kunci: Perubahan ekosistem hutan bakau, Acanthus ilicifulius, Derris heterophylla, pohon bakqu, siltasi.
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