It is inevitable that defects happen to key components of the long-running high-speed trains. Thus as an effective inspection approach for defects, image detection becomes significantly important for operation and maintenance in the railway industry. However, a massive number of images collected by inspection devices challenge traditional methods based on manual effort. To address this issue, this paper proposed an automatic detection method, termed as multi-stage pipeline for defect detection

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... MPDD). MPDD includes two stages, component detection stage improves RPN anchor mechanism and way of feature fusion to promote detection performance, defect classification stage combines super-resolution strategy with CNN to improve defect classification performance. Experiments on high-speed train defect dataset shown that MPDD can reach the highest mAP of 0.792. The mAP on NEU surface defect database reached to 0.765 at the speed of 203ms per image.