Transactions and recoverable memories are DOW-A erful mechanisms for handling failures and manipulating persistent data. Unfortunately, standard recoverable memories incur an overhead of several milliseconds per transaction. This paper presents a system that improves transaction overhead by a factor of 2000 for working sets that fit in main memory. Of this factor of 2000, a factor of 20 is due to the Rio file cache, which absorbs synchronous writes to disk without losing data during system

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... es. The remaining factor of 100 is due to vista, a 720-line, recoverable-memory library tailored for Rio. vista lowers transaction overhead to 5 psec by using no redo log, no system calls, and only one memory-to-memory copy: This drastic reduction in overhead leads to a overall speedup of 150-556x for benchmarks based on TPC-B and TPC-C.