The aim of this paper was to evaluate the quality of the business environment in the segment of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Czech and the Slovak Republic. In regards to the defined aim a survey-based research was conducted with enterprises operating in the SME segment. Responses from 312 enterprises in the Czech Republic and 329 enterprises in Slovak Republic were obtained via an online questionnaire during this research. The research brought some interesting findings. The

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... valuation of the business environment in both countries is relatively negative. The current risk rate of the business environment received a more positive rating in both countries. Significant differences in entrepreneurs' notions were discovered when evaluating the development of business environment in the recent past. Entrepreneurs of both countries were rather skeptical in evaluating the current quality of business environment in regards to starting a business.