New use scenarios, workloads, and increased heterogeneity combined with rapid growth in adoption are increasing the management complexity of cloud computing at all levels. High performance computing (HPC) is a particular segment of the IT market that provides significant technical challenges for cloud service providers and exemplifies many of the challenges facing cloud service providers as they conceptualise the next generation of cloud architectures. This chapter introduces cloud computing,

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... C, and the challenges of supporting HPC in the cloud. It discusses how heterogeneous computing and the concepts of self-organisation, selfmanagement, and separation of concerns can be used to inform novel cloud architecture designs and support HPC in the cloud at hyperscale. Three illustrative application scenarios for HPC in the cloud-(i) oil and gas exploration, (ii) ray tracing, and (iii) genomics-are discussed.