Efficiency Intra-Cluster Device-to-Device Relay Selection for Multicast Services Based on Combinatorial Auction

Yong Zhang, Fangmin Li
2015 Algorithms  
In Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) networks, Device-to-device (D2D) communications can be utilized to enhance the performance of multicast services by leveraging D2D relays to serve nodes with worse channel conditions within a cluster. For traditional D2D relay schemes, D2D links with poor channel condition may be the bottleneck of system sum data rate. In this paper, to optimize the throughput of D2D communications, we introduce an iterative combinatorial auction algorithm for efficient
more » ... D relay selection. In combinatorial auctions, the User Equipments (UEs) that fails to correctly receive multicast data from eNodeB (eNB) are viewed as bidders that compete for D2D relays, while the eNB is treated as the auctioneer. We also give properties of convergency and low-complexity and present numerical simulations to verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Keywords: device-to-device communication; multicast services; D2D relay; combinatorial auction waiting to be selected as relays. Each bidder has a valuation for the relays, and multiple bidders can form a package that share the same relay. During the auction, the bidders submit bids and the auctioneer, i.e., the eNB decides the allocation of the relays. Furthermore, we propose an auction algorithm which runs iteratively until reaching an equilibrium state. We also discuss the properties of our algorithm and the simulation results show a good performance on the sum data rate and system efficiency. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, a system model of intra-cluster D2D communication is introduced. Then we formulate the primary problem as a CA game in Section 3. Next, in Section 4, the CA algorithm for D2D relay selection is proposed, and the main properties of the proposed algorithm are discussed. In Section 5, we present the simulation results. Finally, we conclude this paper in Section 6. System Model We consider a single-cell multicast system where an eNB serves numerous UEs and the UEs in close proximity can group into a cluster to request the same data from eNB. The UEs within a cluster can not only communicate with eNB, but also directly communicate with each other via D2D links. Let us focus on one D2D cluster, as illustrated in Figure 1 . Due to independent properties of cellular downlink channels, when the eNB multicasts data to all UEs within a D2D cluster at a certain rate, only a portion of the UEs can correctly receive and decode the data. The UEs that can and cannot successfully receive data are referred to as "ACK-UEs" and "NACK-UEs", respectively. In order to share the data from eNB in the whole cluster, ACK-UEs can be employed as relays to forward the received data to NACK-UEs via D2D links. In general, the underlined intra-cluster relay transmissions can be accomplished via D2D multicast. Meanwhile, to avoid the interference between D2D communication and cellular communication, orthogonal resources should be allocated to them.
doi:10.3390/a8041129 fatcat:6ebxksyrazgt7iv3yfwi4wwmui