In this paper, we explore a new way to provide context-aware assistance for indoor navigation using a wearable vision system. We investigate how to represent the cognitive knowledge of wayfinding based on first-person-view videos in real-time and how to provide context-aware navigation instructions in a human-like manner. Inspired by the human cognitive process of wayfinding, we propose a novel cognitive model that represents visual concepts as a hierarchical structure. It facilitates efficient

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... and robust localization based on cognitive visual concepts. Next, we design a prototype system that provides intelligent contextaware assistance based on the cognitive indoor navigation knowledge model. We conduct field tests to evaluate the system's efficacy by benchmarking it against traditional 2D maps and human guidance. The results show that contextawareness built on cognitive visual perception enables the system to emulate the efficacy of a human guide, leading to positive user experience.