Appendix A Measures We used a combination of established and newly designed instruments to measure primary and secondary outcomes. These scales are described below and summarized in Table B1 (e.g., number of items, possible range, qualitative interpretation of higher scores, estimates of internal consistency reliability). Prior to conducting an impact analysis, we used pre-intervention data (i.e., step 1) from all participants to adapt and construct measures. This process involved an assessment

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... of item-level descriptive statistics, internal consistency reliability, and the results of confirmatory factor analyses. Scales with highly skewed items or evidence of a poor fit between the data and expected factor structures were revised through item screening and follow-up exploratory factor analysis (EFA). We relied on EFA results and prior theory to guide scale construction decisions; we preferred parsimonious and theoretically-meaningful factor structures containing items loading greater than 0.40 on one factor with no loadings of this magnitude or greater on other factors. Family Communication Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale. The Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale assesses quality of communication within adolescent and caregiver dyads with a focus on openness (Barnes & Olson, 1985). Caregivers and youth rated statements on an ordinal scale from "not at all true" to "very true." Whole Family Communication. The Whole Family Communication scale was developed for this study based on formative qualitative work. Items assess frequency and quality of family communication activities, including problem-solving. Items measuring frequency are rated on a 6-point scale ranging from "never" to "multiple times per week". Two of the items assessing quality are rated on a 5-point scale from "never" to "very often", and the final item rates overall communication from "very unpleasant" to "very pleasant". Items were standardized, summed to create a scale, and the resulting scale was standardized to have a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1.