BACKGROUND Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) substantially improved chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) prognosis. We aimed to describe time period-and age-dependent outcomes by reporting real-world data of CML patients from Switzerland. METHODS Population-based incidence, mortality, and survival were assessed for four different study periods and age groups on the basis of aggregated data from Swiss Cantonal Cancer Registries. RESULTS A total of 1552 new CML cases were reported from 1995 to 2017. The

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... age-standardized rate (ASR) for the incidence remained stable, while the ASR for mortality decreased by 50-80%, resulting in a five-year RS from 36% to 74% over all four age groups. Importantly, for patients <60 years (yrs), the five-year RS increased only in earlier time periods up to 92%, whereas for older patients (+80 yrs), the five-year RS continued to increase later, however, reaching only 53% until 2017. CONCLUSIONS This is the first population-based study of CML patients in Switzerland confirming similar data compared to other population-based registries in Europe. The RS increased significantly in all age groups over the last decades after the establishment of TKI therapy. Interestingly, we found a more prominent increase in RS of patients with older age at later observation periods (45%) compared to patients at younger age (10%), implicating a greater benefit from TKI treatment for elderly occurring with delay since the establishment of TKI therapy. Our findings suggest more potential to improve CML therapy, especially for older patients.