In this paper, a novel data augmentation method was proposed for supervised sea ice scene classification with arctic aerial images. Ice-type classification of sea ice scenes in a region is useful for instant navigation. However, some types of sea ice scenes are difficult to collect. The small number of available samples usually limits the performance in classification. Inspiring by the transfer learning method, the training samples are augmented with simulated sea ice images. Considering the

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... tribution characteristic of sea ice scene, simulation samples are synthesized by algebraic operations on the respective regions of interest from two true samples. One of the two true samples can be an additional image, which is more easily collected than others, such as full ice and snow. Simultaneously, it introduces new information. Generalization and error-correction capability of deep neural networks for training samples make the proposed method feasible. The experiments on true sample sets, simulation sample sets, and mixed sample sets were implemented. Finally, the effectiveness of our data augmentation method was demonstrated, which improved the accuracy of sea ice classification. INDEX TERMS Data augmentation, scene classification, sea ice, transfer learning. YIMING YAN was born in 1982. He received the bachelor's, master's, and Ph.D. degrees in information and communication engineering from the Harbin Institute of Technology, China, in 2006, 2008, and 2013, respectively. Since 2016, he has been with Harbin Engineering University. His research areas are remote sensing, image processing, and pattern recognition. CHUNMING ZHANG was born in 1996. She received the bachelor's degree in information and communication engineering from Harbin Engineering University, China, in 2018, where she is currently pursuing the master's degree. Her research areas are remote sensing, image processing, and pattern recognition. NAN SU was born in 1986. He received the bachelor's, master's, and Ph.D. degrees in information and communication engineering from the Harbin