There has been investigated the innovative component of the agro-industrial complex as a key factor to ensure food security of the Russian Federation. Basing on statistical data, there have been analyzed the current situation and results of production in the Russian agro-industrial complex. There has been revealed the influence of the innovative component of the agro-industrial complex ensuring the country's food security. It is proved that agriculture can fulfill the tasks assigned to it, only

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... if it is surrounded by an economic and legal environment, which takes into account the necessary completeness, the inherent differences. It is substantiated that the integrated system of agricultural assessment should be at the center of attention of the state administration and be implemented not sporadically, but permanently, in accordance with the demand for agricultural products. The grain farming can become a promising export resource under certain conditions such as reorganizing radically the procurement system, improving warehouse and transport infrastructure, saving seed material and reaching price parities for agricultural products and the means of their production. The necessity of applying state co-financing as the main form of state support for innovative development is substantiated. In the long term, the agricultural industry will be profitable and it will be able to function mainly without state subsidies.