This paper presents an efficient blind watermark detection/decoding scheme for spread spectrum (SS) based watermarking, exploiting the fact that in SS-based embedding schemes the embedded watermark and the host signal are mutually independent and obey non-Gaussian distribution. The proposed scheme employs the theory of independent component analysis (ICA) and posed the watermark detection as a blind source separation problem. The proposed ICA-based blind detection/decoding scheme has been

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... ted using real-world audio clips. The simulation results show that the ICA-based detector can detect and decode watermark with extremely low decoding bit error probability (less than 0.01) against common watermarking attacks and benchmark degradations.