Heat energy application in this country has been largely the composite result of promotion and advertisement rather than of engineering. We have hac1 fuel oil advocates, gas burning experts, powdered coal enthusiasts, fuel oil specialists, etc., but have, until recently, lacked the competent furnace engineer familiar with all types of furnaces, who could sit as court of appeal and give unbiased decisions regarding the true economic value of various heat sources for a specific work. To operate

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... th gas a process that might much more advantageously be carried out with other forms of energy is not economy, yet many such cases exist to-day. Fig. 1 shows the relative costs of four common sources of heat, viz., coal, gas, fuel oil, and electricity, in terms of dollars per 100,000 B. t. u. utilized in baking ovens and fur-0 0 8 8 g O , C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 0 Q 0 0 0fURN4CE