Older adults occupy a significant proportion of developed countries' populations, at the same time that birth rates are decreasing. For example, the US has 15.41% and Japan 27.5% proportion of older adults 65 or older in their population [1], with a birth rate of 1.77 and 1.44 per woman, respectively [2,3]. As a result, it is projected that older adults will outnumber children 18 or under in the US by 2035 for the first time in history [4]; likewise, 40% of Japan's population will be over 65 by

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... 2050 [5]. Most older adults who live with chronic conditions require home care for long periods of time. Women are traditional family caregivers across cultures [6] . With the decease of future caregivers-the kid generation, and the young adult children are working and/or having their own nuclear family to take care of, the middle-aged and older women may inevitably take on the long-term caregiving duties at home.