<b>Introduction: </b><i>Helicobacter pylori</i> is one of the major infectious agents in low-income countries, and its clinical characteristics are unknown in many populations. Children are a susceptible population and can contract these pathogens through contaminated food and water.<br /> <b>Objectives: </b>To determine the presence of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in children under eight years of age of rural human settlements in Peru.<br /> <b>Methods:</b> This exploratory study was conducted

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... th 25 child volunteers authorized by the parents for their evaluation, without precedent of any apparent clinical manifestation. Antigen detection of <i>H. pylori</i> in faeces by a rapid assay onsite <i>H. pylori</i> Ag. Rapid test according to the manufacturer's requirements. Has been evaluated the social determinants related to possible infection.<br /> <b>Results:</b> The average age (2±1.8 years) of 14 girls was different from the average age (2.7±2.2 years) of 11 boys included in the study (p=0.010). Of the total we determinate nine (36%) positive tests, which mainly affected boys (five patients 20%) under two years of age (six patients, 24%). In general, ~90% wash their hands with soap and water and ~70% wash fruits and vegetables with water before eating. In addition, &gt;50% ate foods outside of home and ~24% was asymptomatic and did not have a specific meal schedule.<br /> <b>Conclusions:</b> Among rural children, <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> antibody was detected in 36% of the participants, unaffected by gender, and presenting specific dietary patterns.