This study aimed to investigate undergraduate students' recognition of parents' attitudes which have promoted the student's psychological Jiritsu (independence or autonomy of Japanese youth from parental influence) . After gathering descriptions from undergraduate students (N=106) , a questionnaire about parental attitudes promoting Jiritsu, an image of a person achieving psychological Jiritsu and Identity Status was conducted to 705 undergraduate students (male 404, female 291 and unknown 10)

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... As a result of factor analysis, the Parental Jiritsu-Promotioning Attitude Scale had four factors: (1) Self-Reducing Directions, (2) Cessation of Gaining Control Over, (3) Starting Equal Footing Conversation and (4) Entrusting Daily Necessity, and the Jiritsu Person Image Scale (scaling psychological Jiritsu) had six factors: (1) Self-Decision Making, (2) Citizenship, (3) Understanding oneself through Others, (4) Collaboration with Others, (5) Management of Oneself and (6) Emotional Control. Next, effects of parental attitudes on undergraduate students' psychological Jiritsu were analyzed. "Cessation of Gaining Control Over" influenced "Self-Reducing Directions", and "Self-Reducing Directions" influenced "Self-Decision Making" and "Management Oneself ". "Starting Equal Footing Conversation" influenced almost all psychological Jiritsu except "Emotional Control". Entrusting Daily Necessity influenced Emotional Control. These results suggested parental attitudes gained in this study were effective on promoting psychological Jiritsu of undergraduate students.