capacity of customized, 3D printed bioactive ceramic (3DBC) scaffolds with dipyridamole (DIPY), an adenosine A2A receptor (A 2A R) indirect agonist known to enhance bone formation, at the ramus of the rabbit mandible. METHODS: Critical-sized bony defects (10mm height, 10mm length, full thickness) were created at the inferior aspect of the right mandibular rami of rabbits, adjacent to the angular process (n=15). Each defect was replaced by a custom-todefect, 3DBC printed porous scaffold composed

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... of β-tricalcium phosphate. Scaffolds were either uncoated (control), collagen-coated (COLL), or collagen coated and immersed in 100μM dipyridamole (DIPY). At t=8 weeks, animals were euthanized and the rami retrieved. Bone growth was assessed exclusively within scaffold pores, and evaluated by microCT/advanced reconstruction computer software. MicroCT quantification was calculated in segments as a function of distance from proximal to distal scaffold insertion. Bone morphology was assessed by histology. One-way ANOVA analysis was performed to compare group means, and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were included.