Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have initiated a new era of outstanding biological applications for future generations. CNFs can be used as efficient and unique biocompatible reinforcing materials, biosensors, perfect platforms for supporting nanoparticles and immobilizing biomolecules, and wound dressing support due to their surface functionality, ensuring biocompatibility and coupling with metallic nanoparticles or organics. Using CNFs helps to build artificial joints, promoting tissue, organ, and

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... rve regeneration and development. In addition, multiple published studies have revealed CNF's ability to boost the impact and chemosensitization of anticancer therapies for a range of tumor types while lowering undesirable drug effects. Also, the toxicity of CNFs as effective biomaterials was explored, as well as the limits. CNF research focuses on biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering and biosensors. The bulk of these biological applications utilise CNTs, graphene, and fullerene, although CNFs are still rarely cited in these domains. As a result, increased emphasis and effort should be placed on examining the potential benefits of adopting CNFs. Lastly, the dearth of proven evidence on CNF toxicity should push scientists to complete the dataset necessary for CNF risk assessment. For example, short- and long-term chronic animal bioassays and standard tests can be utilized to replicate real-world conditions for occupational, local, and systemic administration of CNFs.