Prunus trees in Germany—a hideout of unknown fungi?

Steffen Bien, Ulrike Damm
2020 Mycological progress  
Prunus belongs to the economically most important genera of fruit crops in Germany. Although wood pathogens possess the capability to damage the host substantially, the knowledge of the fungal pathogenic community and the mycobiome of Prunus wood in general is low. During a survey in important fruit production areas in Germany, branches with symptoms of fungal infection were sampled in Prunus avium, P. cerasus and P. domestica orchards, and 1018 fungal isolates were obtained primarily from the
more » ... ransition zone of symptomatic to non-symptomatic wood. By a combination of blastn searches and phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and LSU sequences with a strong focus on reliable reference data, a diversity of 172 fungal taxa belonging to Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota were differentiated. The majority of the strains belonged to three classes of Ascomycota, namely Sordariomycetes, Leotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes. The dominant species were Aposphaeria corallinolutea (Dothideomycetes) and Pallidophorina paarla (Leotiomycetes) that were isolated more than a hundred times each, while all other taxa were isolated ≤ 30 times. Only part of them could be identified to species level. Because of the high plasticity of species boundaries, the identification certainty was divided into categories based on nucleotide differences to reference sequences. In total, 82 species were identified with high and 20 species with low (cf.) certainty. Moreover, about 70 species could not be assigned to a known species, which reveals Prunus wood to represent a habitat harbouring high numbers of potentially new species, even in a well-explored region like Germany. Mycological Progress Diaporthales Calosphaeriales Xylariaceae sp. 1 GLMC 1660 (1) Rosellinia sp. SO1_T24 L1A Rosellinia sp. SO1_T34_L4A Fungal sp. V-I7 Xylariaceae sp. 2 GLMC 1594 (1) Fungal sp. V-E9 Rosellinia aquila MUCL 51703 # Rosellinia australiensis CBS 142160 T Rosellinia mearnsii MFLU 16-1382 T Nemania diffusa GZ AT-F006 Nemania sp. 3 GLMC 1799 (4) Nemania diffusa FR AT-113 Nemania serpens BHI-F650a # Nemania sp. 1 GLMC 413 (4) Nemania serpens CBS 679.86 # Nemania sp. 2 GLMC 1515 (1) Xylaria longipes GLMC 1499 (5) Xylaria longipes CBS 347.37 Xylaria hypoxylon CBS 120.16 # Xylaria hypoxylon CBS 126417 # Anthostomella proteae CBS 110127 T Clypeosphaeria sp. GLMC 463 (1) Clypeosphaeria mamillana CBS 140735 T # Sordariomycetes sp. 11262 Sordariomycetes sp. 11280 Xylariaceae sp. 3 GLMC 848 (2) Anthostomella pinea CBS 128205 T Anthostomella cf. pinea GLMC 451 (2) Barrmaelia moravica CBS 142769 T Barrmaelia rhamnicola CBS 142772 T # Entosordaria perfidiosa CBS 142773 T # Entosordaria quercina CBS 142774 T Biscogniauxia marginata MFLUCC 12.0740 Biscogniauxia repanda ATCC 62606 Biscogniauxia nummularia GLMC 829 (3) Biscogniauxia nummularia MUCL 51395 T # Jackrogersella cf. cohaerens GLMC 652 (7) Jackrogersella cohaerens CBS 119126 Jackrogersella minutella CBS 336.70 Jackrogersella multiformis CBS 119016 T # Jackrogersella sp. GLMC 1516 (1) Annulohypoxylon truncatum CBS 140778 T # Hypoxylon fuscum CBS 113049 T Hypoxylon fuscum GLMC 1823 (1) Hypoxylon rubiginosum MUCL 52887 T Pyrenomyxa morganii CBS 118186 T Hypoxylon sp. 1 GLMC 1456 (15) Hypoxylon perforatum CBS 115281 Hypoxylon sp. 2 GLMC 1657 (2) Hypoxylon sp. 3 GLMC 1725 (1) Hypoxylon fragiforme MUCL 51264 T # Hypoxylon cf. fragiforme GLMC 1653 (5) Hypoxylon howeanum MUCL 47599 Hypoxylon howeanum GLMC 394 (5) Seimatosporium cornii MFLUCC 14-0467 T Seimatosporium sp. GLMC 1722 (10) Seimatosporium physocarpi CBS 139968 T Seimatosporium pistaciae CBS 138865 T Seimatosporium rosae CBS 139823 T Truncatella angustata CBS 144025 T # Truncatella angustata GLMC 253 (3) Truncatella hartigii CBS 118148 Lepteutypa sp. 1 GLMC 1319 (18) Lepteutypa sp. 2 GLMC 1557 (5) Lepteutypa uniseptata HKUCC 6349 Lepteutypa fuckelii CBS 140409 T Lepteutypa sambuci CBS 131707 T Arthrinium arundinis CBS 114316 Arthrinium arundinis CBS 124788 Arthrinium cf. arundinis GLMC 230 (1) Arthrinium malaysianum CBS 102053 T Arthrinium thailandicum MFLUCC 15-0202 T Eutypa lata CBS 208.87 T # Eutypa lata GLMC 427 (13) Eutypa petrakii var. hederae CBS 285.87 T Eutypa petrakii var. hederae GLMC 631 (1) Eutypa sp. GLMC 1758 (2) Eutypa petrakii var. petrakii CBS 244.87 Eutypa petrakii var. petrakii GLMC 1645 (6) Xylaria cubensis CBS 116.85 Eutypella virescens CBS 205.36 T Eutypella cf. spp. GLMC 625 (1) Eutypa tetragona CBS 284.87 Lopadostoma cf. turgidum A GLMC 757 (4) Lopadostoma cf. turgidum B GLMC 1768 (1) Lopadostoma turgidum CBS 133207 T # Lopadostoma dryophilum GLMC 1682 (9) Lopadostoma dryophilum CBS 133213 T Lopadostoma lechatii CBS 133694 T Ascotricha chartarum GLMC 453 (1) Ascotricha chartarum CBS 104.25 # Ascotricha lusitanica CBS 462.70 T Ascotricha pusilla CBS 132.60 Diaporthe cotoneastri CBS 439.82 T Diaporthe eres CBS 138594 T # Diaporthe cf. eres GLMC 532 (6) Diaporthe celeris CBS 143349 T Diaporthe sp. GLMC 309 (16) Diaporthe celastrina CBS 139.27 Diaporthe rudis CBS 113201 T Diaporthe rudis GLMC 1427 (7) Diaporthe mahothocarpus CGMCC 3.15181 T Diaporthe cf. mahothocarpus GLMC 260 (3) Leucostoma persoonii CBS 129.22 Leucostoma persoonii CBS 260.34 Leucostoma cf. spp. GLMC 1521 (28) Leucostoma cinctum CBS 254.34 Valseutypella multicollis CBS 105.89 T Valsaceae sp. GLMC 412 (17) Valsa sordida CBS 197.50 Valsa ambiens CBS 423.52 # Jattaea sp. 1 GLMC 503 (1) Jattaea taediosa MR 3669 T Jattaea discreta CBS 127681 T Jattaea sp. 2 GLMC 853 (4) Jattaea algeriensis STE-U 6201 # Calosphaeria pulchella CBS 115999 Calosphaeria pulchella GLMC 1629 (30) Calosphaeria africana CBS 120870 T Capnodiales Dothideales Botryosphaeriales Epicoccum layuense CGMCC 3.18362 T Epicoccum cf. spp. GLMC 369 (7) Epicoccum nigrum CBS 173.73 T # Epicoccum dendrobii CGMCC 3.18359 T Nothophoma cf. quercina GLMC 432 (18) Nothophoma quercina CBS 633.92 Nothophoma anigozanthi CBS 381.91 T Nothophoma infossa CBS 123395 T # Didymella macrostoma GLMC 1392 (8) Didymella macrostoma CBS 839.84 Didymella rumicicola CBS 683.79 T Didymella exigua CBS 183.55 T # Didymella heteroderae CBS 630.97 T Phoma laundoniae ICMP 10843 Phoma laundoniae GLMC 1459 (1) Coniothyrium ferrarisianum GLMC 380 (24) Coniothyrium ferrarisianum CBS 285.74 Sclerostagonospora cycadis CBS 123538 T Sclerostagonospora ericae CBS 141318 T Jeremyomyces labinae CBS 144617 T Jeremyomyces cf. labinae GLMC 327 (3) Alternaria conjuncta CBS 196.86 T Alternaria conjuncta GLMC 1338 (3) Alternaria arbusti CBS 596.93 T Alternaria rosae CBS 121341 T Alternaria rosae GLMC 636 (1) Alternaria angustiovoidea CBS 195.86 T Alternaria destruens ATCC 204363 T Alternaria destruens GLMC 1234 (24) Bipolaris drechsleri CBS 136207 T Bipolaris cf. spp. GLMC 248 (1) Bipolaris variabilis CBS 127716 T Bipolaris maydis CBS 136.29 T # Leptosphaeria sp. LQ122417 Leptosphaeria sp. LCC1-2 Pleosporales sp. GLMC 1316 (1) Leptosphaeria cichorium MFLUCC 14-1063 Leptosphaeria doliolum MFLU 15-1875 Leptosphaeria slovacica CBS 389.80 Neoleptosphaeria rubefaciens GLMC 337 (1) Neoleptosphaeria rubefaciens CBS 387.80 Neoleptosphaeria jonesii MFLUCC 16-1442 T Coniothyrium glycines CBS 124455 Coniothyrium dolichi CBS 124140 Coniothyrium telephii CBS 188.71 Parapyrenochaeta protearum GLMC 301 (2) Parapyrenochaeta protearum CBS 131315 T # Parapyrenochaeta acaciae CBS 141291 T Neocucurbitaria populi GLMC 348 (1) Neocucurbitaria populi CBS 142393 T Neocucurbitaria cava CBS 257.68 T Neocucurbitaria unguis-hominis CBS 378.92 # Kalmusia cf. ebuli GLMC 767 (4) Kalmusia ebuli CBS 123120 T # Paraconiothyrium fuscomaculans CBS 116.16 T Kalmusia longispora CBS 582.83 T Kalmusia variispora GLMC 1347 (4) Kalmusia variispora CBS 121517 T Paraphaeosphaeria neglecta GLMC 857 (2) Paraphaeosphaeria neglecta CBS 124078 T Paraphaeosphaeria michotii MFLUCC-13-0349 T # Paraconiothyrium brasiliense CBS 100299 T Paraconiothyrium archidendri CBS 168.77 T Paraconiothyrium estuarinum CBS 109850 T # Lentitheciaceae sp. GLMC 1563 (1) Sclerostagonospora cycadis CBS 291.76 Murilentithecium clematidis MFLUCC 14-0562 T # Murilentithecium rosae MFLUCC 15-0044 T Preussia flanaganii CBS 112.73 T Preussia funiculata CBS 659.74 # Preussia cf. spp. GLMC 1754 (1) Preussia persica CBS 117680 T Preussia persica GLMC 447 (2) Angustimassarina italica MFLUCC 15-0082 T Angustimassarina lonicerae MFLUCC 15-0087 T Angustimassarina populi MFLUCC 13-0034 T # Angustimassarina cf. spp. GLMC 891 (8) Aposphaeria corallinolutea CBS 131287 T Aposphaeria corallinolutea GLMC 1355 (138) Aposphaeria populina CBS 350.82 Roussoella euonymi GLMC 1544 (1) Roussoella euonymi CBS 143426 T Roussoella mukdahanensis MFLUCC 11-0201 T Roussoella nitidula MFLUCC 11-0634 # Constantinomyces sp. GLMC 1767 (1) Constantinomyces patonensis CBS 117950 T Constantinomyces oldenburgensis CBS 144642 T Constantinomyces virgultus CBS 117930 T # Devriesia shelburniensis (Devriesia s. str.) CBS 115876 Devriesia staurophora (Devriesia s. str.) CBS 375.81 # Devriesia pseudoamericana GLMC 819 (1) Devriesia pseudoamericana (Devriesia s. lat.) CBS 126270 T Devriesia americana (Devriesia s. lat.) CBS 117726 Cladosporium acalyphae CBS 125982 T Cladosporium needhamense CBS 143359 T Cladosporium cf. spp. 1 GLMC 1289 (10) Cladosporium xylophilum CBS 125997 T Cladosporium herbarum CBS 121621 T # Cladosporium macrocarpum CBS 121623 T Cladosporium cf. spp. 2 GLMC 711 (2) Cladosporium variabile CBS 121636 T Aureobasidium pullulans GLMC 1460 (15) Aureobasidium pullulans CBS 584.75 T # Aureobasidium melanogenum CBS 105.22 T Aureobasidium namibiae CBS 147.97 T Diplodia mutila GLMC 1759 (1) Diplodia mutila CBS 136014 T # Diplodia neojuniperi CPC 22753 T Diplodia seriata CBS 112555 T Diplodia seriata GLMC 1527 (1) Diplodia intermedia CBS 124462 T Penicillium resticulosum CBS 609.94 T Polyporales Russulales Agaricales Boletales Hymenochaetales Cantharellales Auriculariales Tremellomycetes Cystobasidiomycetes Pezizomycetes Lecanoromycetes Saccharomycetes Mucoromycota Ascomycota Agaricomycetes Basidiomycota Trametes versicolor GLMC 1717 (2) Trametes versicolor CBS 296.33 Trametes suaveolens CBS 279.28 # Trametes hirsuta GLMC 467 (1) Trametes hirsuta CBS 282.73 Coriolopsis gallica GLMC 1308 (1) Coriolopsis gallica CBS 429.34 Coriolopsis gallica CBS 428.34 Coriolopsis trogii RLG4286sp Mycoacia nothofagi CBS 125847 Mycoacia fuscoatra CBS 125883 # Mycoacia fuscoatra KHL13275 # Mycoacia fuscoatra GLMC 1268 (1) Mycoacia uda CBS 224.56 Geotrichopsis mycoparasitica CBS 687.93 T # Bjerkandera adusta CBS 371.52 # Bjerkandera cf. adusta GLMC 431 (5) Bjerkandera fumosa CBS 152.79 Peniophora cinerea CBS 261.37 Peniophora cinerea GLMC 947 (13) Peniophora pilatiana CBS 269.56 Peniophora quercina GLMC 1640 (2) Peniophora quercina CBS 409.50 # Peniophora simulans CBS 875.84 Heterobasidion annosum GLMC 1320 (1) Heterobasidion annosum CBS 567.67 # Heterobasidion annosum CBS 169.28 # Heterobasidion araucariae CBS 743.94 T Stereum armeniacum CBS 944.96 Stereum hirsutum CBS 930.70 # Stereum cf. spp. GLMC 475 (3) Stereum ostrea CBS 361.36 Coprinellus radians SZMC-NL-3986 Coprinellus xanthothrix SZMC-NL-3417 Coprinellus cf. spp. GLMC 737 (1) Coprinellus curtus SZMC-NL-1490 Coprinellus heptemerus SZMC-NL-2144 Coprinellus deliquescens Wat27209 # Coniophora puteana GLMC 420 (1) Coniophora puteana CBS 148.32 # Coniophora arida CBS 109.40 Coniophora merulioides CBS 152.35 aut Phellinus tuberculosus A GLMC 396 (4) Phellinus tuberculosus CBS 383.72 Phellinus tuberculosus B GLMC 1755 (3) Phellinus igniarius CBS 380.72 # Phellinus laevigatus CBS 256.30 Sistotrema eximum CBS 531.91 Sistotrema octosporum CBS 126038 Sistotrema hypogaeum CBS 393.63 Sistotrema brinkmannii CBS 402.54 Sistotrema sp. GLMC 1593 (2) Exidia glandulosa GLMC 374 (1) Exidia glandulosa CBS 126.24 # Exidia nigricans MW 313 Exidia thuretiana CBS 215.63 Udeniomyces sp. GLMC 1365 (1) Udeniomyces pyricola CBS 6754 T # Udeniomyces pseudopyricola CBS 10076 T Udeniomyces megalosporus CBS 7236 T Cystobasidium pinicola CBS 9130 T Cystobasidium pinicola GLMC 1603 (3) Cystobasidium laryngis CBS 2221 T Cystobasidium benthicum CBS 9124 T Trichophaeopsis bicuspis GLMC 1596 (1) Trichophaeopsis bicuspis NSW 8316 # Trichophaeopsis tetraspora C F-47525 Trichophaeopsis sp. DHP-AR-19 Trichophaeopsis sp. DHP-CH-58 Melastiza contorta KH 01.06 Pseudaleuria quinaultiana p712L Chaetothiersia vernalis BAP 492 T # Melastiza cornubiensis KH 03.43 Orbicula parietina CBS 238.32 Lecanoromycetes sp. GLMC 1733 (2) Uncultured Ascomycota agrFF142 Uncultured Ascomycota SMOTU80 Anthopsis catenata CBS 492.81 T Anthopsis deltoidea CBS 263.77 T # Cyanodermella oleoligni CBS 140345 T Umbilicaria esculenta A6 Nakazawaea ernobii CBS 1737 T Nakazawaea holstii CBS 4140 T # Nakazawaea cf. holstii GLMC 1309 (1) Nakazawaea populi CBS 7351 T Nakazawaea pomicola CBS 4242 T Wickerhamomyces silvicola CBS 1705 T Wickerhamomyces silvicola GLMC 1708 (1) Candida peoriensis CBS 8800 T Wickerhamomyces rabaulensis CBS 6797 T Wickerhamomyces canadensis CBS 5676 # Umbelopsis isabellina CBS 560.63 Umbelopsis isabellina GLMC 521 (5) Umbelopsis ovata CBS 499.82 T Umbelopsis versiformis CBS 150.81 T # Mucor bainieri CBS 293.63 T Mucor circinelloides f. lusitanicus CBS 108.17 T Ellisomyces anomalus CBS 243.57 T # Mucor sp. GLMC 656 (1) Mucor circinelloides GLMC 1405 (1) Mucor circinelloides f. circinelloides CBS 195.68 T Mucor hiemalis GLMC 1395 (1) Mucor hiemalis f. hiemalis CBS 201.65 Mucor mucedo CBS 640.67 T # Entomophthora sphaerosperma CBS 530.75
doi:10.1007/s11557-020-01586-4 fatcat:tx4p6hu3qbanjerx6lp3ggg4vi