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Algorithm for Virtual Aggregates' Reconstitution Based on Image Processing and Discrete-Element Modeling
2018
Applied Sciences
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Based on the Aggregate Imaging Measurement System (AIMS) and the Particle Flow Code in Two Dimensions (PFC2D), an algorithm for modeling two-dimensional virtual aggregates was proposed in this study. To develop the virtual particles precisely, the realistic shapes of the aggregates were captured by the AIMS firstly. The shape images were then processed, and the morphological characteristics of aggregates were quantified by the angularity index. By dividing the particle irregular shape into many
doi:10.3390/app8050738
fatcat:7xzjzxaynnb2rnrkf6rjz22zgq
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... triangle areas and adjusting the positions of the generated balls via coordinate systems' conversion within PFC2D, the virtual particles could be reconstructed accurately. By calculating the mapping area, the gradations in two-dimensions could be determined. Controlled by two variables (µ_1 and µ_2), which were drawn from the uniform distribution (0, 1), the virtual particles forming the specimens could be developed with random sizes and angular shapes. In the end, the rebuilt model of the SMA-13 aggregate skeleton was verified by the virtual penetration tests. The results indicated that the proposed algorithm can not only model the realistic particle shape and gradations precisely, but also predict its mechanical behavior well. following shape acquisition, which is the basis to guarantee the results [7, 8] . The discrete-element method (DEM) was proposed by the Cundall [9] firstly, and then, a software program named Particle Flow Code (PFC) was developed to help the mechanical calculation of heterogeneous materials, which has been widely used in many fields [10] [11] [12] . As the basic calculation elements, the balls in the software (PFC2D, Itasca Consulting Group: Minneapolis, USA) are all round shaped without any angular shape, which is not consistent with the realistic particles in pavement construction. Therefore, prior to numerical simulation, it is important to rebuild the realistic particle shape, which will influence the simulation results obviously [13] [14] [15] . Many modeling methods have been proposed within PFC to characterize the shape features by some researchers. Zhang et al. [16] regarded the aggregate particles as hexahedrons, pentahedrons and tetrahedrons within PFC, respectively. Then, the equal-radius balls were arranged regularly within the particles and were defined as a rigid body. CPA (Computerized Particle Analysis) was utilized to help develop the virtual shape within PFC by Stahl and Konietzky [17] . The input index, known as the grain-shape coefficient, was used to redefine the particle contour. Then, numerical particles were reconstructed by filling the redefined area with balls. Huang [18] reconstructed 3D ballast particles with three images (top, side and front) of the particles with the help of the image processing technology. Similar methods can also be found in the works of Liu and You [19, 20] , Tutumluer et al. [21] and Dondi and Vignali [22] [23] [24] , as well. Most of the existing modeling methods can only model the shape roughly with excessive simplification. Although some virtual models were rebuilt precisely by X-ray scanning, the angular shape could not be quantified precisely [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] . Liu scanned the particles and rebuilt their virtual shapes according to the acquired images [30, 31] . In their studies, the stl-format file were developed, which can reflect the shapes of aggregates precisely. By the designed routine, the virtual particles in three dimensions were developed successfully with enough balls filled. However, their methods can only model the realistic shapes, but cannot evaluate the shape properties of mixtures by a specific index. Therefore, the simulation accuracy mainly depends on the samples' selection and cannot model the material heterogeneity well. Compared to X-ray scanning, the Aggregate Imaging Measurement System (AIMS) apparatus is a promising way for performing particle shape modeling and has been utilized gradually in material analyses [32] . It can capture the morphological characteristics of aggregates and quantifies the shape properties by some design indices such as the angularity index, texture index, size, and so on. However, this apparatus is mainly used for pavement skid resistance measurements nowadays [33] [34] [35] . More uses of it should be explored, especially combined with other technologies. The objective of this study is to propose an algorithm for the virtual aggregates' reconstitution based on the Discrete-Element Method (DEM). To achieve this, the AIMS apparatus with the image processing technology were utilized before the simulations. Then, an innovative method for developing the virtual particles and gradations was proposed precisely. In the end, based on the virtual penetration tests, the precision of the developed models was verified. The relevant issues include: capturing the shape image of particles by AIMS; processing the captured images and measuring their angularity index; modeling the virtual particles with different sizes and shapes; modeling the virtual gradations of specimens; developing the virtual penetration tests to predict and evaluate the performance of coarse aggregates. Image Preprocessing and Shape Measurement Prior to the virtual particles' reconstitution, several steps were performed that could provide the proposed algorithm with the fundamental data. Firstly, enough aggregate particles were selected and were scanned by the AIMS to obtain their shape image and the angularity index. The particles were put in the turntable of the AIMS and were rotated slowly to go through the scanning area. A digital camera above the particles was utilized to capture the image of the maximum section from the top side. Then, the original images of the particles were converted to the binary ones within the MATLAB routine as shown in Figure 1 . As shown, two forms of binary images were acquired via the image processing technology including the shape (Figure 1a ) and its contour (Figure 1b) .
Assessment Model and Virtual Simulation for Fatigue Damage Evolution of Asphalt Mortar and Mixture
2018
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering
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Focused on the fatigue performance of the asphalt mortar, this study proposed an assessment model for fatigue damage evolution based on the continuum mechanics. From the perspective of the material scale rather than the macrostructure, the proposed damage model was set by concentrating on the stress-strain state of a tiny point which could characterize the material performance accurately. By the mechanical formula derivation and based on the four-point bending fatigue tests, the damage
doi:10.1155/2018/5904807
fatcat:h43wmgvv3nfwrnem6cqthz2mlq
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... law was determined and then the proposed model was verified. Based on the finite element method (FEM), a commercial software named ABAQUS was utilized to develop the random mixtures consisting of coarse aggregates, mortar, and voids. Eventually, combined with the damage model and virtual simulation of bending tests, the factors influencing the fatigue resistance of the whole asphalt mixtures were analyzed further.
Pavement Analysis and Design by Multiphysics Reconstructing Algorithm for the Virtual Asphalt Mixture Based on the Discrete-Element Method
2018
Advances in Civil Engineering
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Based on the Particle Flow Code in Two dimensions (PFC2D), an algorithm for modeling the two-dimensional virtual asphalt mixture was proposed in this study. By combining the AIMS scanning technology (Aggregate Imaging Measurement System) with the designed stochastic algorithm, the virtual coarse aggregates could be generated rapidly and precisely. Different from the conventional methods, the contour shapes of the coarse aggregates were rebuilt only to balance the shape modeling precision and
doi:10.1155/2018/5180562
fatcat:wilkrd4pgnhu5ir4too6ohkmu4
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... ulation efficiency. Then by distributing the coarse particles within container, virtual skeletons were formed firstly. An innovate algorithm was proposed afterwards to distinguish the external and internal area of the coarse aggregates and then model the mastic part by filling the irregular hollow shape with uniformly arranged balls. By deleting the mastic balls randomly, the voids were reconstructed consistent with the actual ratio. In the end, the virtual uniaxial compressive tests of AC-16 were simulated within PFC2D and the dynamic modulus at different load frequencies was predicted. The results indicated that the proposed algorithm could not only model the asphalt mixture precisely but also characterized its mechanical behavior as well.
Aerosol Optical Radiation Properties in Kunming (the Low–Latitude Plateau of China) and Their Relationship to the Monsoon Circulation Index
2019
Remote Sensing
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Based on the Langley method and the EuroSkyRad (ESR) pack retrieval scheme, we carried out the retrieval of the aerosol properties for the CE–318 sunphotometer observation data from March 2012 to February 2014 in Kunming, China, and we explored the possible mechanisms of the seasonal variations. The seasonal variation of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) was unimodal and reached a maximum in summer. The retrieval analysis of the Angstrom exponent (α) showed the aerosol types were continental,
doi:10.3390/rs11242911
fatcat:bxlupbodmjgs7beasp63dfopla
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... ass burning (BB), and urban/industrial (UI); the content of the desert dust (DD) was low, and it may have contained a sea–salt (SS) aerosol due to the influence of the summer monsoon. All the aerosol particle spectra in different seasons showed a bimodal structure. The maximum and submaximal values were located near 0.2 μm and 4 μm, respectively, and the concentration of the aerosol volume was the highest in summer. In summer, aerosol particles have a strong scattering power but a weak absorption power; this pattern is the opposite in winter. The synergistic effect of the East Asian monsoon and the South Asian monsoon seasonal oscillations can have an important impact on the variation of the aerosol properties. The oscillation variation characteristic of the total vertical columnar water vapor (CWV) and the monsoon index was completely consistent. The aerosol types and sources in the Yunnan–Kweichow Plateau and the optical radiation properties were closely related to the monsoon circulation activities during different seasons and were different from other regions in China.
Gold Nanoparticles sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine
2019
Cell Stress
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Louis, MO, USA), anti-Tubulin(ab18207, Abcam, Cambridge, MA), DAPI( H-1500, Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA). ...
The primary antibody was detected with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated secondary antibody (R37114, Life Technologies, Waltham, MA, USA). ...
doi:10.15698/cst2019.08.195
pmid:31440741
pmcid:PMC6702449
fatcat:jxdkruxd7bbvlonwojrd4uxkaq
Gold Nanoparticles Disrupt Tumor Microenvironment - Endothelial Cell Crosstalk to Inhibit Angiogenic Phenotypes in vitro
2019
Bioconjugate chemistry
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-HUVECs or HMECs were starved in EBM for 16 h before trypsinization with Trypsin-EDTA (0.25%, 25200072, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) and incubated for 30 min with CM. ...
Primary antibodies used in this study were: mouse-anti-Fibronectin (1:200, #610077, BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA), and rabbit-anti-α-SMA (1:200, ab5694, Abcam, Cambridge, MA). ...
doi:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00262
pmid:31067032
pmcid:PMC6939887
fatcat:jch7lijdpnah3byoucngguq7ei
Type Iγ phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase dependent cell migration and invasion are dispensable for tumor metastasis
2019
American Journal of Cancer Research
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Cell lysates were separated on 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gels by electrophoresis and transferred to PVDF membrane (Millipore Immobilin P, Bedford, MA). ...
For invasion assay, cells (5 × 10 4 ) were seeded in the upper chamber of transwell fitted with Matrigel-coated membrane (8 µm pore size, BD Biosciences, Bedford, MA). ...
pmid:31218104
pmcid:PMC6556613
fatcat:a42kashorzatnmlxpcp63m473e
EGFR-induced phosphorylation of type Iγ phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase promotes pancreatic cancer progression
2017
OncoTarget
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Vectors encoding short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were constructed by cloning RNA oligonucleotides (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) into pLKO.1 vector (AddGene, Cambridge, MA). ...
The invasive capability of cells was determined by using 24-well matrigel-coated transwell chambers with 8-μm pore size (BD Biosciences, Bedford, MA) as described [5] . 5×10 4 cells were added to the ...
doi:10.18632/oncotarget.16730
pmid:28388589
pmcid:PMC5522093
fatcat:myafxy3dcndr3br2lodttgdazy
CHAPTER XI: COMMISSIONS MEMBERSHIP
2013
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
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Viotti, Roberto
Vivas, Anna
Vogt, Nikolaus
Voloshina, Irina
von Braun, Kaspar
Votruba, Viktor
Waelkens, Christoffel
Walker, Merle
Walker, William
Walker, Edward
Wallerstein, George
WANG, Xunhao ...
van den Heuvel, Edward
van Hamme, Walter
Vaz, Luiz Paulo
Vennes, Stephane
Vierdayanti, Kiki
Vilhu, Osmi
Voloshina, Irina
Wachter, Stefanie
Wade, Richard
Walder, Rolf
Walker, William
WANG, Xunhao ...
doi:10.1017/s1743921315005694
fatcat:2fuohtecxzewzjpqydcwo24z7e
Sensitization of ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin by gold nanoparticles
2014
OncoTarget
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Louis, MO. [ 3 H] Thymidine was from Perkin-Elmer, (Waltham, MA). Media and PBS was purchased from Mediatech (Manassas, VA). ...
doi:10.18632/oncotarget.2203
pmid:25071019
pmcid:PMC4171643
fatcat:uwfyqvbmanfuhetzzxnvyjgn6i
CHAPTER X: DIVISIONS MEMBERSHIP
2013
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
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Voloshina, Irina
von Braun, Kaspar
Votruba, Viktor
Wachter, Stefanie
Wade, Richard
Waelkens, Christoffel
Walder, Rolf
Walker, Merle
Walker, William
Walker, Edward
Wallerstein, George
WANG, Xunhao ...
Lovas, Miklos
Lugaro, Maria
Lukyanyk, Igor
Lutz, Barry
Luu, Jane
Luz, David
Lyon, Ian
MA, Yuehua
Magee-Sauer, Karen
Magnusson, Per
MAIHARA, Toshinori
Makalkin, Andrei
Manara, Alessandro
Mann ...
doi:10.1017/s1743921315005682
fatcat:iiva4frvlvdjhe4k6jyk232vfm
CHAPTER XII: INDIVIDUAL MEMBERSHIP BY COMMISSION
2010
Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union
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Walker, Merle
Fu, Jianning
Melikian, Norair
Walker, William
Fu, Hsieh-Hai
Mennickent, Ronald
Walker, Edward
Fujiwara, Tomoko
Messina, Sergio
Wallerstein, George
Gahm, Goesta
Michel, Eric
Wang, Xunhao ...
Fernandes, Francisco
Mohan, Anita
Voitenko, Yuriy
Ferreira, João
Moreno Insertis, Fernando Wang, Huaning
Ferriz Mas, Antonio
Morita, Satoshi
Wang, Yi-ming
Fisher, George
Moriyama, Fumio
Wang, ...
doi:10.1017/s1743921310005430
fatcat:4f4baqdrirfp5jo76msovs7afa
An association between type Iγ PI4P 5-kinase and Exo70 directs E-cadherin clustering and epithelial polarization
2012
Molecular Biology of the Cell
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The following antibodies were used for Western blotting and immunofluorescence: anti-FLAG (Millipore, Billerica, MA); anti-GST (Novagen); anti-E-cadherin, anti-Sec8, and anti-vinculin (BD Biosciences, ...
line and cloned into pET42a (Novagen, Gibbstown, NJ). shRNA-expressing vectors were constructed by cloning shRNA oligonucleotides (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) into the pLKO.1 vector (AddGene, Cambridge, MA ...
doi:10.1091/mbc.e11-05-0449
pmid:22049025
pmcid:PMC3248907
fatcat:eprsxq3grzb2bl5gluft62gvz4
Articles on China
2019
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Ma Jiantang *JK 1989/No.6,
pp.56-62
121. On the seasonal fluctuation of
China (Chin.). Ma Jiantang *JY
1989/No.ll, pp.24-30
122. ...
Liu Xunhao *NJW 1989/NO.12, pp.25-28 175. China's current agricultural Situa tion and policy. Tian Jiyun *BR 1990/No.2, pp.15-19 176. ...
doi:10.11588/chakt.1990.januar.9135
fatcat:yt3tru237vbh5as4gl2yugktdu
MICU1 drives glycolysis and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer
2017
Nature Communications
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hypothesis is further supported by two recent reports that demonstrated that the inability of ER Ca 2+ to enter the mitochondria upon cisplatin treatment might cause chemoresistance in cancer cells [Liwei Ma ...
doi:10.1038/ncomms14634
pmid:28530221
pmcid:PMC5477507
fatcat:tmykbbe3wvcpzjbbihazunhpde
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