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We Value Your Privacy ... Now Take Some Cookies: Measuring the GDPR's Impact on Web Privacy
[article]
2018
arXiv
pre-print
We monitored this rare event by analyzing the GDPR's impact on popular websites in all 28 member states of the European Union. ...
While many websites already had privacy policies, we find that in some countries up to 15.7 % of websites added new privacy policies by May 25, 2018, resulting in 84.5 % of websites having privacy policies ...
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank Yana Koval for her help with manual website annotation and all native speakers who helped us verify the word lists. ...
arXiv:1808.05096v2
fatcat:kyhckb6mzrfkbgbgfxrswsuqte
(Un)informed Consent
2019
Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security - CCS '19
We also show that the wide-spread practice of nudging has a large effect on the choices users make. ...
In this work, we identify common properties of the graphical user interface of consent notices and conduct three experiments with more than 80,000 unique users on a German website to investigate the influence ...
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the owner of their partner website for allowing them to display different sets of consent notices on this site. ...
doi:10.1145/3319535.3354212
dblp:conf/ccs/UtzDFSH19
fatcat:5twq56csdfbi7momzh3pbjrzse
GDPR Myopia: how a well-intended regulation ended up favouring large online platforms - the case of ad tech
2020
European Competition Journal
The purpose of this paper is not to call for the weakening of the GDPR, whose positive impact on users cannot be ignored. ...
While from a policy standpoint regulators should thus maintain or even increase the level of protection offered by this legislation, it is vital that they take steps to mitigate its adverse effects on ...
Acknowledgements The authors advise a variety of ad tech vendors and publishers, including on matters adverse to Google. The views expressed in this paper are the authors' only. ...
doi:10.1080/17441056.2020.1848059
fatcat:m6omgqcqyjcnndkh2m5qipi3jm
The Unwanted Sharing Economy: An Analysis of Cookie Syncing and User Transparency under GDPR
[article]
2018
arXiv
pre-print
In a first step, we measure the impact of the legislation on the connections (regarding cookie syncing) between third-parties and show that the general structure how the entities are arranged is not affected ...
However, we find that the new regulation has a statistically significant impact on the number of connections, which shrinks by around 40%. ...
Acknowledgment This work was partially supported by the Ministry of Culture and Science of the German State of North Rhine-Westphalia (MKW grant 005-1703-0021 "MEwM" and "NERD.NRW") and the German Federal ...
arXiv:1811.08660v1
fatcat:fefujj2xzra2pjbycsxraytnci
Understanding Privacy-Related Advice on Stack Overflow
2022
Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
We find that the advice is mostly around compliance with regulations and ensuring confidentiality with a focus on the inform, hide, control, and minimize of the Hoepman's privacy design strategies. ...
We qualitatively analyzed 119 privacy-related accepted answers on Stack Overflow from the past five years and extracted 148 pieces of advice from these answers. ...
Acknowledgments We thank the reviewers whose constructive feedback helped improve the paper greatly. This work was sponsored in part by Microsoft Research through its Ph.D. Scholarship Program. ...
doi:10.2478/popets-2022-0038
fatcat:4fkhpppsqvax5my2ke64w6veti
"It may be a pain in the backside but..." Insights into the impact of GDPR on business after three years
[article]
2021
arXiv
pre-print
We find the threat of fines has focused the corporate mind and made business more privacy aware. Organisationally, it has created new power bases within companies to advocate GDPR. ...
The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) came into effect in May 2018 and is designed to safeguard EU citizens' data privacy. ...
It is used to say we care about your data, and you can trust us. ...
arXiv:2110.11905v1
fatcat:jkocey54jngtfg6yupebubexsy
Dark and Bright Patterns in Cookie Consent Requests
2021
Journal of Digital Social Research
In the second experiment (N = 255) we reversed the direction of the design nudges towards the privacy-friendly option, which we title "bright patterns". ...
In the first experiment (N = 228) we explored the effects of design nudges towards the privacy-unfriendly option (dark patterns). ...
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments to improve the manuscript. ...
doi:10.33621/jdsr.v3i1.54
fatcat:pvdxn3mxwnezjb5xq37hnxe6sy
Opted Out, Yet Tracked: Are Regulations Enough to Protect Your Privacy?
[article]
2022
arXiv
pre-print
Using our framework, we conduct a measurement study to evaluate two of the most widely deployed CMPs, i.e., OneTrust and CookieBot, as well as advertiser-offered opt-out controls, i.e., National Advertising ...
Overall, our work casts a doubt if regulations are effective at protecting users' online privacy. ...
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Zubair Shafiq for discussions in the early phases of the work. ...
arXiv:2202.00885v1
fatcat:vm7ahtr4z5co3iuwoq2uon3pua
CookieEnforcer: Automated Cookie Notice Analysis and Enforcement
[article]
2022
arXiv
pre-print
Finally, we use our system to perform several measurements on the top 5k websites from the Tranco list (as accessed from the US and the UK), drawing comparisons and observations at scale. ...
In this work, we develop CookieEnforcer, a new system for automatically discovering cookie notices and deciding on the options that result in disabling all non-essential cookies. ...
Cookie Notice Studies Cookie Notice Analysis Degeling et al. [10] measured the GDPR's impact on cookie notices by manually examining the top 500 websites in each of the EU member states. ...
arXiv:2204.04221v2
fatcat:sdtvmodjwrbvplxjimvgrn76rm
Claudette Meets GDPR: Automating the Evaluation of Privacy Policies Using Artificial Intelligence
2018
Social Science Research Network
The experiments we conducted on these documents, using various machine learning techniques, lead us to the conclusion that this task can be, to a significant degree, realized by computers, if a sufficiently ...
Hence, there is a significant room for improvement on the side of business, as well as for action on the side of consumer organizations and supervisory authorities. ...
We would welcome any feedback from the readers. ...
doi:10.2139/ssrn.3208596
fatcat:jro5to24brbdvn62j2nveg2n2a
Are cookie banners indeed compliant with the law? Deciphering EU legal requirements on consent and technical means to verify compliance of cookie banners
[article]
2020
arXiv
pre-print
In this work, we analyze the legal requirements on how cookie banners are supposed to be implemented to be fully compliant with the e-Privacy Directive and the General Data Protection Regulation. ...
and we also show which requirements are impossible to verify with certainty in the current architecture of the Web. ...
Greek DPA, 2020 Belgian DPA, 2020 Irish DPA, 2020
Recent audits on websites Recurrent audits on websites are aimed at information-gathering assessment of the state of cookie (and related technologies ...
arXiv:1912.07144v2
fatcat:4nkrmy3wrrbhpibatedfzixmee
A feminist Critique to digital consent
2021
Seminar.net
The online surveillance adtech industry that funds the web had to use a mechanism that commodifies people, rendering their behaviors into data - products that can be sold and traded for the highest bidder ...
This was made possible by objectifying, dehumanizing and decontextualizing human engagement and identity into measurable and quantifiable data units. ...
surveillance mechanisms such as web-cookies. ...
doi:10.7577/seminar.4291
fatcat:5vjtqjwbebae7ebiqc4mec3o5a
An analysis of violations and sanctions following the GDPR
2020
International Journal of Information Systems and Project Management
We also welcome more research on the topic. ...
However, our study provides insight on some of the challenges. ...
Acknowledgements We thank the experts who have provided us with valuable insights. ...
doi:10.12821/ijispm090102
doaj:c5cd6178a0f94265861331ee5043cdf2
fatcat:345jqebisnbg3mgwja2y5zki4q
Online Price Discrimination and EU Data Privacy Law
2017
Social Science Research Network
The paper analyses how this dislike of personalized pricing may be linked to economic analysis and to other norms or values. ...
An online shop can recognize customers, for instance through cookies, and categorize them as price-sensitive or price-insensitive. ...
Acknowledgements The authors thank Solon Barocas, Bertin Martens, Akiva Miller, Andrew Odlyzko, Andrew Selbst, participants at the Amsterdam Privacy Conference, EuroCPR and the Privacy Law Scholars Conference ...
doi:10.2139/ssrn.3009188
fatcat:zihxqxkbsvhqtcnwe3l3t6t3um
Online Price Discrimination and EU Data Privacy Law
2017
Journal of Consumer Policy
The paper analyses how this dislike of personalized pricing may be linked to economic analysis and to other norms or values. ...
An online shop can recognize customers, for instance through cookies, and categorize them as price-sensitive or price-insensitive. ...
Acknowledgements The authors thank Solon Barocas, Bertin Martens, Akiva Miller, Andrew Odlyzko, Andrew Selbst, participants at the Amsterdam Privacy Conference, EuroCPR and the Privacy Law Scholars Conference ...
doi:10.1007/s10603-017-9354-z
fatcat:qzudks2geresfcrshmqbrbjk7e
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